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                    Map
            
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                    测试键值对是否存在及删除元素
            
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                    将 map 的键值对调
            
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  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    锁和 sync 包
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.4.html">
  
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                    精密计算和 big 包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.5.html">
  
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                    自定义包和可见性
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.6.html">
  
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                    为自定义包使用 godoc
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.7.html">
  
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                    使用 go install 安装自定义包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.8.html">
  
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                    自定义包的目录结构、go install 和 go test
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.9.html">
  
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                    通过 Git 打包和安装
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.10.html">
  
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                    Go 的外部包和项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.11.html">
  
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                    在 Go 程序中使用外部库
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.0.html">
  
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                    结构（struct）与方法（method）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.1.html">
  
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                    结构体定义
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.2.html">
  
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                    使用工厂方法创建结构体实例
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.3.html">
  
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                    使用自定义包中的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.4.html">
  
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                    带标签的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.5.html">
  
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                    匿名字段和内嵌结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.6.html">
  
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                    方法
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.7.html">
  
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                    类型的 String() 方法和格式化描述符
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.8.html">
  
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                    垃圾回收和 SetFinalizer
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.0.html">
  
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                    接口（interface）与反射（reflection）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.1.html">
  
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                    接口是什么
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.2.html">
  
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                    接口嵌套接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.3.html">
  
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                    类型断言：如何检测和转换接口变量的类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.4.html">
  
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                    类型判断：type-switch
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.5.html">
  
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                    测试一个值是否实现了某个接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.6.html">
  
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                    使用方法集与接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
    
                    
                    第一个例子：使用 Sorter 接口排序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.8.html">
  
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                    第二个例子：读和写
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.9.html">
  
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                    空接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.10.html">
  
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                    反射包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.11.html">
  
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                    Printf 和反射
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.12.html">
  
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                    接口与动态类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.13.html">
  
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                    总结：Go 中的面向对象
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.14.html">
  
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                    结构体、集合和高阶函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4" >
  
      <span>
            
                    
                    第三部分：Go 高级编程
            
    </span>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.0.html">
  
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                    读写数据
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.1.html">
  
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                    读取用户的输入
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.2.html">
  
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                    文件读写
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.3.html">
  
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                    文件拷贝
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.4.html">
  
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                    从命令行读取参数
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.5.html">
  
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                    用 buffer 读取文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.6.html">
  
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                    用切片读写文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.7.html">
  
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                    用 defer 关闭文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.8.html">
  
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                    使用接口的实际例子：fmt.Fprintf
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.9.html">
  
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                    格式化 JSON 数据
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.10.html">
  
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                    XML 数据格式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.11.html">
  
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                    用 Gob 传输数据
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.12" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.12.html">
  
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                    Go 中的密码学
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.0.html">
  
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                    错误处理与测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.1.html">
  
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                    错误处理
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.2.html">
  
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                    运行时异常和 panic
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.3.html">
  
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                    从 panic 中恢复（Recover）
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.4.html">
  
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                    自定义包中的错误处理和 panicking
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.5.html">
  
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                    一种用闭包处理错误的模式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.6.html">
  
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                    启动外部命令和程序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.7.html">
  
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                    Go 中的单元测试和基准测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.8.html">
  
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                    测试的具体例子
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.9.html">
  
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                    用（测试数据）表驱动测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.10.html">
  
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                    性能调试：分析并优化 Go 程序
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../../gopl/">
  
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                    Go语言圣经
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/preface.html">
  
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                    前言
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-01.html">
  
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                    Go语言起源
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-02.html">
  
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                    Go语言项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-03.html">
  
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                    本书的组织
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-04.html">
  
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                    更多的信息
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-05.html">
  
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                    致谢
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1.html">
  
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                    入门
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-01.html">
  
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                    Hello, World
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-02.html">
  
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                    命令行参数
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-03.html">
  
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                    查找重复的行
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-04.html">
  
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                    GIF动画
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-05.html">
  
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                    获取URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-06.html">
  
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                    并发获取多个URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-07.html">
  
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                    Web服务
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-08.html">
  
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                    本章要点
            
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    </ul>
    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2.html">
  
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                    程序结构
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-01.html">
  
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                    命名
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-02.html">
  
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                    声明
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-03.html">
  
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                    变量
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-04.html">
  
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                    赋值
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-05.html">
  
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                    类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-06.html">
  
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                    包和文件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
    
                    
                    作用域
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
    
                    
                    基础数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
    
                    
                    整型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
    
                    
                    浮点数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
    
                    
                    复数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
    
                    
                    布尔型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
    
                    
                    字符串
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
    
                    
                    常量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
    
                    
                    复合数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
    
                    
                    数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
    
                    
                    Slice
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
    
                    
                    Map
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
    
                    
                    结构体
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
    
                    
                    JSON
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
    
                    
                    文本和HTML模板
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
    
                    
                    函数
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
    
                    
                    函数声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
    
                    
                    递归
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
    
                    
                    多返回值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
    
                    
                    错误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
    
                    
                    函数值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
    
                    
                    匿名函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
    
                    
                    可变参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
    
                    
                    Deferred函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
    
                    
                    Panic异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
    
                    
                    Recover捕获异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
    
                    
                    方法
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
    
                    
                    方法声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
    
                    
                    基于指针对象的方法
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
    
                    
                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
    
                    
                    方法值和方法表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
    
                    
                    示例: Bit数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
    
                    
                    封装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
    
                    
                    接口
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
    
                    
                    接口是合约
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
    
                    
                    接口类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
    
                    
                    实现接口的条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
    
                    
                    flag.Value接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
    
                    
                    接口值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
    
                    
                    sort.Interface接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
    
                    
                    http.Handler接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
    
                    
                    error接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 表达式求值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
    
                    
                    类型断言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
    
                    
                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
    
                    
                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
    
                    
                    类型分支
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.15" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
    
                    
                    补充几点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
    
                    
                    Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
    
                    
                    并发的循环
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
    
                    
                    基于select的多路复用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
    
                    
                    并发的退出
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 聊天服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
    
                    
                    基于共享变量的并发
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
    
                    
                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
    
                    
                    内存同步
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件检测
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
    
                    
                    包和工具
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
    
                    
                    包简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
    
                    
                    导入路径
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
    
                    
                    包声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
    
                    
                    导入声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
    
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
    
                    
                    包和命名
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
    
                    
                    工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
    
                    
                    测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
    
                    
                    go test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
    
                    
                    测试函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
    
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
    
                    
                    基准测试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
    
                    
                    剖析
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
    
                    
                    反射
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
    
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
    
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
    
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
    
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
    
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
    
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
    
                    
                    底层编程
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
    
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.1" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
    
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.2" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.3" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
    
                    
                    附录C：译文授权
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.4" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
    
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
    
                    
                    Go Web 编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go环境配置
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
    
                    
                    Go安装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
    
                    
                    GOPATH 与工作空间
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go 命令
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go开发工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
    
                    
                    你好，Go
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
    
                    
                    流程和函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
    
                    
                    struct
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
    
                    
                    面向对象
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
    
                    
                    interface
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
    
                    
                    并发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
    
                    
                    web工作方式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go搭建一个简单的web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使得web工作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go的http包详解
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
    
                    
                    表单
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
    
                    
                    处理表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
    
                    
                    验证表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
    
                    
                    预防跨站脚本
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
    
                    
                    防止多次递交表单
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
    
                    
                    处理文件上传
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
    
                    
                    访问数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
    
                    
                    database/sql接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用MySQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
    
                    
                    使用SQLite数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
    
                    
                    使用PostgreSQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
    
                    
                    使用beedb库进行ORM开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
    
                    
                    NOSQL数据库操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
    
                    
                    session和数据存储
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
    
                    
                    session和cookie
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使用session
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
    
                    
                    session存储
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
    
                    
                    预防session劫持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
    
                    
                    文本文件处理
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
    
                    
                    XML处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
    
                    
                    JSON处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
    
                    
                    正则处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
    
                    
                    模板处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
    
                    
                    文件操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
    
                    
                    字符串处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
    
                    
                    Socket编程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
    
                    
                    WebSocket
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
    
                    
                    REST
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
    
                    
                    RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
    
                    
                    安全与加密
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
    
                    
                    预防CSRF攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
    
                    
                    确保输入过滤
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    避免XSS攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
    
                    
                    避免SQL注入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
    
                    
                    存储密码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
    
                    
                    加密和解密数据
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
    
                    
                    国际化和本地化
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
    
                    
                    设置默认地区
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
    
                    
                    本地化资源
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
    
                    
                    国际化站点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理，调试和测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用GDB调试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go怎么写测试用例
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
    
                    
                    部署与维护
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
    
                    
                    应用日志
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
    
                    
                    网站错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
    
                    
                    应用部署
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
    
                    
                    备份和恢复
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
    
                    
                    如何设计一个Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
    
                    
                    项目规划
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
    
                    
                    自定义路由器设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
    
                    
                    controller设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
    
                    
                    日志和配置设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
    
                    
                    实现博客的增删改
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
    
                    
                    扩展Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
    
                    
                    静态文件支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
    
                    
                    Session支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
    
                    
                    表单支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
    
                    
                    用户认证
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
    
                    
                    多语言支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
    
                    
                    pprof支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.15" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
    
                    
                    参考资料
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../">
  
  <a href="../">
    
                    
                    Go语言高级编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../ch1-basic/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第1章 语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-01-genesis.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-01-genesis.html">
    
                    
                    1.1 Go语言创世纪
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
    
                    
                    1.2 Hello, World 的革命
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
    
                    
                    1.3 数组、字符串和切片
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
    
                    
                    1.4 函数、方法和接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-05-mem.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-05-mem.html">
    
                    
                    1.5 面向并发的内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-06-goroutine.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-06-goroutine.html">
    
                    
                    1.6 常见的并发模式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
    
                    
                    1.7 错误和异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    1.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第2章 CGO编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
    
                    
                    2.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
    
                    
                    2.2 CGO基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
    
                    
                    2.3 类型转换
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    2.4 函数调用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.5" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
    
                    
                    2.5 内部机制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.6" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
    
                    
                    2.6 实战: 封装qsort
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.7" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
    
                    
                    2.7 CGO内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.8" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
    
                    
                    2.8 C++类包装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.9" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
    
                    
                    2.9 静态库和动态库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.10" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
    
                    
                    2.10 编译和链接参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.11" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
    
                    
                    2.11 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第3章 汇编语言
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
    
                    
                    3.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
    
                    
                    3.2 计算机结构
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
    
                    
                    3.3 常量和全局变量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    3.4 函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
    
                    
                    3.5 控制流
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
    
                    
                    3.6 再论函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.7" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
    
                    
                    3.7 汇编语言的威力
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.8" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
    
                    
                    3.8 例子：Goroutine ID
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.9" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
    
                    
                    3.9 Delve调试器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.10" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    3.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="readme.html">
  
  <a href="readme.html">
    
                    
                    第4章 RPC和Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.1 RPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.2 Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.3" data-path="ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.3 玩转RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.4" data-path="ch4-04-grpc.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-04-grpc.html">
    
                    
                    4.4 GRPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.5" data-path="ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.5 GRPC进阶
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.6" data-path="ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.6 GRPC和Protobuf扩展
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.7" data-path="ch4-07-pbgo.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-07-pbgo.html">
    
                    
                    4.7 pbgo: 基于Protobuf的框架
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.8" data-path="ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
    
                    
                    4.8 grpcurl工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.9" data-path="ch4-09-ext.html">
  
  <a href="ch4-09-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.9 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../ch5-web/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第5章 Go和Web
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
    
                    
                    5.1 Web开发简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
    
                    
                    5.2 Router请求路由
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.3" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
    
                    
                    5.3 Middleware中间件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.4" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
    
                    
                    5.4 Validator请求校验
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.5" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
    
                    
                    5.5 Database和数据库打交道
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.6" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
    
                    
                    5.6 Ratelimit 服务流量限制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.7" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
    
                    
                    5.7 Layout大型web项目分层
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.8" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
    
                    
                    5.8 interface 和 table-driven 开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.9" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
    
                    
                    5.9 灰度发布和 A/B test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.10" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    5.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第6章 分布式系统
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.1" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
    
                    
                    6.1 分布式 id 生成器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.2" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
    
                    
                    6.2 分布式锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.3" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
    
                    
                    6.3 延时任务系统
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.4" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
    
                    
                    6.4 分布式搜索引擎
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.5" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
    
                    
                    6.5 负载均衡
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
    
                    
                    6.6 分布式配置管理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.7" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
    
                    
                    6.7 分布式爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.8" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    6.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../appendix/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/readme.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
    
                    
                    附录A: Go语言常见坑
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-gems.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-b-gems.html">
    
                    
                    附录B: 有趣的代码片段
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录C: 作者简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
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        <a href="../.." >4.2 Protobuf</a>
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                                <h1 id="42-protobuf">4.2 Protobuf</h1>
<p>Protobuf&#x662F;Protocol Buffers&#x7684;&#x7B80;&#x79F0;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x662F;Google&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E8E;2008&#x5E74;&#x5BF9;&#x5916;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x3002;Protobuf&#x521A;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;XML&#x3001;JSON&#x7B49;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x9644;&#x5E26;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5E76;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5C06;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5316;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x66F4;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7684;&#x662F;Protobuf&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x7684;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x8DE8;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;PRC&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="421-protobuf&#x5165;&#x95E8;">4.2.1 Protobuf&#x5165;&#x95E8;</h2>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x8FC7;Protobuf&#x7684;&#x8BFB;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x5148;&#x4ECE;&#x5B98;&#x7F51;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x4E0B;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7528;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x5C06;Protobuf&#x548C;RPC&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Protobuf&#x6765;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;RPC&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x548C;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x3002;Protobuf&#x4E2D;&#x6700;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5355;&#x5143;&#x662F;message&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x3002;&#x5728;message&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;message&#x6216;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;hello.proto&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x88C5;HelloService&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4E2D;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-protobuf">syntax = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;proto3&quot;</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main;

<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">message</span> <span class="hljs-title">String</span> </span>{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> value = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;syntax&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x91C7;&#x7528;proto3&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x7248;&#x7684;Protobuf&#x5BF9;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x63D0;&#x70BC;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x5747;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF08;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x503C;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x652F;&#x6301;required&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;package&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x6307;&#x660E;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x662F;main&#x5305;&#xFF08;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x548C;Go&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x540D;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF0C;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5B9A;&#x5236;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x548C;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x540E;message&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;String&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;String&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x3002;String&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E2D;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;value&#x6210;&#x5458;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x65F6;&#x7528;1&#x7F16;&#x53F7;&#x4EE3;&#x66FF;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;XML&#x6216;JSON&#x7B49;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x6765;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;Protobuf&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x5374;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7F16;&#x53F7;&#x6765;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;Protobuf&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x540E;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x4F53;&#x79EF;&#x4F1A;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5C0F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4E5F;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x4E0D;&#x4FBF;&#x4E8E;&#x4EBA;&#x7C7B;&#x67E5;&#x9605;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;Protobuf&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;Go&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x81EA;&#x7531;&#x91C7;&#x7528;JSON&#x6216;gob&#x7B49;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5927;&#x5BB6;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6682;&#x65F6;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;Protobuf&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Protobuf&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x96C6;&#x662F;C++&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x7684;protoc&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x3002;&#x8981;&#x60F3;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;hello.proto&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x7684;Go&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x662F;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x7684;protoc&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4ECE; <a href="https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases" target="_blank">https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases</a> &#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x662F;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x7684;Go&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ protoc --go_out=. hello.proto
</code></pre><p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>go_out</code>&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x544A;&#x77E5;protoc&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x53BB;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;protoc-gen-go&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8BE5;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x653E;&#x5230;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x8981;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7684;protobuf&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x53EA;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;hello.pb.go&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;String&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> String <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    Value <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span> <span class="hljs-string">`protobuf:&quot;bytes,1,opt,name=value&quot; json:&quot;value,omitempty&quot;`</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (m *String) Reset()         { *m = String{} }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (m *String) String() <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> proto.CompactTextString(m) }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (*String) ProtoMessage()    {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (*String) Descriptor() ([]<span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>, []<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> fileDescriptor_hello_069698f99dd8f029, []<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>{<span class="hljs-number">0</span>}
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (m *String) GetValue() <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> m != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> m.Value
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#x8FD8;&#x4F1A;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4EE5;<code>XXX_</code>&#x4E3A;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x9690;&#x85CF;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x65F6;String&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8FD8;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;ProtoMessage&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;proto.Message&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;Protobuf&#x8FD8;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Get&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;Get&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A7A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x548C;Protobuf&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x7248;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF08;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x7248;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x503C;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x8FD9;&#x7C7B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x65B0;&#x7684;String&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;HelloService&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> HelloService <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *HelloService) Hello(request *String, reply *String) error {
    reply.Value = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello:&quot;</span> + request.GetValue()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;Hello&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5747;&#x6539;&#x7528;Protobuf&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;String&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4E3A;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6539;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4E5F;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x81F3;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x521D;&#x6B65;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;Protobuf&#x548C;RPC&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x542F;&#x52A8;RPC&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x7684;gob&#x6216;&#x624B;&#x5DE5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;json&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;protobuf&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E48;&#x591A;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4F3C;&#x4E4E;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x6536;&#x76CA;&#xFF01;</p>
<p>&#x56DE;&#x987E;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x66F4;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;RPC&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x65F6;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x82B1;&#x8D39;&#x4E86;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x529B;&#x6C14;&#x53BB;&#x7ED9;RPC&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x4FDD;&#x969C;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;RPC&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x5C31;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x7E41;&#x7410;&#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x624B;&#x5DE5;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53EA;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#xFF01;&#x65E2;&#x7136;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86;Protobuf&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;RPC&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Protobuf&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x7528;Protobuf&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x65E0;&#x5173;&#x7684;RPC&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x624D;&#x662F;&#x5B83;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x7684;&#x4EF7;&#x503C;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#xFF01;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;hello.proto&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Protobuf&#x6765;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;HelloService&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-protobuf"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">service</span> <span class="hljs-title">HelloService</span> </span>{
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">rpc</span> Hello (String) <span class="hljs-keyword">returns</span> (String)</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;Go&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;RPC&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x5343;&#x4E07;&#x79CD;&#xFF0C;protoc&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x8BE5;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4E3A;HelloService&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;protoc-gen-go&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EB;grpc&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;grpc&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. hello.proto
</code></pre><p>&#x5728;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x591A;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;HelloServiceServer&#x3001;HelloServiceClient&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;grpc&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x7B26;&#x5408;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;RPC&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;grpc&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;&#x7684;&#x601D;&#x8DEF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x63A2;&#x7D22;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;RPC&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="422-&#x5B9A;&#x5236;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;">4.2.2 &#x5B9A;&#x5236;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>Protobuf&#x7684;protoc&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5BF9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;protoc&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;<code>--xxx_out</code>&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;protoc&#x5C06;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x6709;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;xxx&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;xxx&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5C06;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5B58;&#x5728;protoc-gen-xxx&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;protoc-gen-go&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x53C8;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;protoc-gen-go&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;grpc&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>--go_out=plugins=grpc</code>&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x751F;&#x6210;grpc&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x53EA;&#x4F1A;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;message&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53C2;&#x8003;grpc&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;generator.RegisterPlugin&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;generator.Plugin&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// A Plugin provides functionality to add to the output during</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Go code generation, such as to produce RPC stubs.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Plugin <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span> {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Name identifies the plugin.</span>
    Name() <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Init is called once after data structures are built but before</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// code generation begins.</span>
    Init(g *Generator)
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Generate produces the code generated by the plugin for this file,</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// except for the imports, by calling the generator&apos;s methods P, In,</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// and Out.</span>
    Generate(file *FileDescriptor)
    <span class="hljs-comment">// GenerateImports produces the import declarations for this file.</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// It is called after Generate.</span>
    GenerateImports(file *FileDescriptor)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;Name&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;Protobuf&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x4F53;&#x7CFB;&#xFF0C;&#x548C;protoc&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5E76;&#x65E0;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;Init&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;g&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5BF9;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;g&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;Proto&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x7684;Generate&#x548C;GenerateImports&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E3B;&#x4F53;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x548C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x5305;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;netrpcPlugin&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4E3A;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x7684;RPC&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go/generator&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> netrpcPlugin <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{ *generator.Generator }

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) Name() <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>                { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;netrpc&quot;</span> }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) Init(g *generator.Generator) { p.Generator = g }

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) GenerateImports(file *generator.FileDescriptor) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(file.Service) &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
        p.genImportCode(file)
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) Generate(file *generator.FileDescriptor) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, svc := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> file.Service {
        p.genServiceCode(svc)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;Name&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;netrpcPlugin&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x7684;<code>*generator.Generator</code>&#x6210;&#x5458;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5728;Init&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x7528;&#x53C2;&#x6570;g&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x4ECE;g&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7EE7;&#x627F;&#x4E86;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x516C;&#x6709;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;GenerateImports&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;genImportCode&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;Generate&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;genServiceCode&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;genImportCode&#x548C;genServiceCode&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x6CE8;&#x91CA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) genImportCode(file *generator.FileDescriptor) {
    p.P(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;// TODO: import code&quot;</span>)
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) genServiceCode(svc *descriptor.ServiceDescriptorProto) {
    p.P(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;// TODO: service code, Name = &quot;</span> + svc.GetName())
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8BE5;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5148;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;generator.RegisterPlugin&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;init&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> init() {
    generator.RegisterPlugin(<span class="hljs-built_in">new</span>(netrpcPlugin))
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x5411;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x7684;protoc-gen-go&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x65B0;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x514B;&#x9686;protoc-gen-go&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;main&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;io/ioutil&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;os&quot;</span>

    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;github.com/golang/protobuf/proto&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go/generator&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    g := generator.New()

    data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        g.Error(err, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;reading input&quot;</span>)
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := proto.Unmarshal(data, g.Request); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        g.Error(err, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;parsing input proto&quot;</span>)
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(g.Request.FileToGenerate) == <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
        g.Fail(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;no files to generate&quot;</span>)
    }

    g.CommandLineParameters(g.Request.GetParameter())

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Create a wrapped version of the Descriptors and EnumDescriptors that</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// point to the file that defines them.</span>
    g.WrapTypes()

    g.SetPackageNames()
    g.BuildTypeNameMap()

    g.GenerateAllFiles()

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Send back the results.</span>
    data, err = proto.Marshal(g.Response)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        g.Error(err, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;failed to marshal output proto&quot;</span>)
    }
    _, err = os.Stdout.Write(data)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        g.Error(err, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;failed to write output proto&quot;</span>)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5BF9;protoc-gen-go&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x9020;&#x6210;&#x5E72;&#x6270;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;protoc-gen-go-netrpc&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;nerpc&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x7528;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;hello.proto&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ protoc --go-netrpc_out=plugins=netrpc:. hello.proto
</code></pre><p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>--go-netrpc_out</code>&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x544A;&#x77E5;protoc&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;protoc-gen-go-netrpc&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>plugins=netrpc</code>&#x6307;&#x793A;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;netrpc&#x7684;netrpcPlugin&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x65B0;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;hello.pb.go&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x5C06;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x7684;&#x6CE8;&#x91CA;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x81F3;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x624B;&#x5DE5;&#x5B9A;&#x5236;&#x7684;Protobuf&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7EC8;&#x4E8E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="423-&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;rpc&#x4EE3;&#x7801;">4.2.3 &#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;RPC&#x4EE3;&#x7801;</h2>
<p>&#x5728;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x5316;&#x7684;netrpcPlugin&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x514B;&#x9686;protoc-gen-go&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x65B0;&#x7684;protoc-gen-go-netrpc&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x5B8C;&#x5584;netrpcPlugin&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x662F;&#x751F;&#x6210;RPC&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x662F;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;genImportCode&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4E2D;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) genImportCode(file *generator.FileDescriptor) {
    p.P(<span class="hljs-string">`import &quot;net/rpc&quot;`</span>)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;genServiceCode&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4E2D;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6700;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x6B64;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;ServiceSpec&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> ServiceSpec <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    ServiceName <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    MethodList  []ServiceMethodSpec
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> ServiceMethodSpec <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    MethodName     <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    InputTypeName  <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    OutputTypeName <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x65B0;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;buildServiceSpec&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;ServiceSpec&#x5143;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) buildServiceSpec(svc *descriptor.ServiceDescriptorProto) *ServiceSpec {
    spec := &amp;ServiceSpec{
        ServiceName: generator.CamelCase(svc.GetName()),
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, m := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> svc.Method {
        spec.MethodList = <span class="hljs-built_in">append</span>(spec.MethodList, ServiceMethodSpec{
            MethodName:     generator.CamelCase(m.GetName()),
            InputTypeName:  p.TypeName(p.ObjectNamed(m.GetInputType())),
            OutputTypeName: p.TypeName(p.ObjectNamed(m.GetOutputType())),
        })
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> spec
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x662F;<code>*descriptor.ServiceDescriptorProto</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>svc.GetName()</code>&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;Protobuf&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;Protobuf&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x8F6C;&#x4E3A;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>generator.CamelCase</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x3002;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;for&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>m.GetName()</code>&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x8F6C;&#x4E3A;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#xFF1A;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>m.GetInputType()</code>&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>p.ObjectNamed</code>&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x7C7B;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;buildServiceSpec&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *netrpcPlugin) genServiceCode(svc *descriptor.ServiceDescriptorProto) {
    spec := p.buildServiceSpec(svc)

    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> buf bytes.Buffer
    t := template.Must(template.New(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>).Parse(tmplService))
    err := t.Execute(&amp;buf, spec)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    p.P(buf.String())
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x4FBF;&#x4E8E;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x6765;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;tmplService&#x662F;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5927;&#x6982;&#x662F;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x6837;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> HelloServiceInterface <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span> {
    Hello(in String, out *String) error
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> RegisterHelloService(srv *rpc.Server, x HelloService) error {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := srv.RegisterName(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;HelloService&quot;</span>, x); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> HelloServiceClient <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    *rpc.Client
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> _ HelloServiceInterface = (*HelloServiceClient)(<span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> DialHelloService(network, address <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) (*HelloServiceClient, error) {
    c, err := rpc.Dial(network, address)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>, err
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> &amp;HelloServiceClient{Client: c}, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *HelloServiceClient) Hello(in String, out *String) error {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> p.Client.Call(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;HelloService.Hello&quot;</span>, in, out)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;HelloService&#x662F;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x8981;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> tmplService = <span class="hljs-string">`
{{$root := .}}

type {{.ServiceName}}Interface interface {
    {{- range $_, $m := .MethodList}}
    {{$m.MethodName}}(*{{$m.InputTypeName}}, *{{$m.OutputTypeName}}) error
    {{- end}}
}

func Register{{.ServiceName}}(
    srv *rpc.Server, x {{.ServiceName}}Interface,
) error {
    if err := srv.RegisterName(&quot;{{.ServiceName}}&quot;, x); err != nil {
        return err
    }
    return nil
}

type {{.ServiceName}}Client struct {
    *rpc.Client
}

var _ {{.ServiceName}}Interface = (*{{.ServiceName}}Client)(nil)

func Dial{{.ServiceName}}(network, address string) (
    *{{.ServiceName}}Client, error,
) {
    c, err := rpc.Dial(network, address)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return &amp;{{.ServiceName}}Client{Client: c}, nil
}

{{range $_, $m := .MethodList}}
func (p *{{$root.ServiceName}}Client) {{$m.MethodName}}(
    in *{{$m.InputTypeName}}, out *{{$m.OutputTypeName}},
) error {
    return p.Client.Call(&quot;{{$root.ServiceName}}.{{$m.MethodName}}&quot;, in, out)
}
{{end}}
`</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;Protobuf&#x7684;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x5B9A;&#x5236;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;hello.proto&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;RPC&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#xFF0C;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x6216;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x638C;&#x63E1;&#x4E86;&#x5B9A;&#x5236;Protobuf&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x5C06;&#x5F7B;&#x5E95;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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